Maedeh Rouzbahani (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran) spotlights current innovations in stem cell therapy in interventional radiology (IR) and its potential within precision medicine.
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a transformative approach in IR, focusing on targeted treatments for various organ systems and ischaemic conditions. This innovative technique’s integration in IR stems from its ability to precisely deliver therapeutic cells directly to affected tissues, enhancing efficacy while minimising systemic side effects. We named this area of science “Intervencell”.
One of the primary advantages of IR in stem cell therapy is its precision. Intra-arterial delivery is a preferred method and ensures higher retention of stem cells at the target site compared to traditional intravenous methods. Studies in ischaemic heart disease and brain stroke have demonstrated superior outcomes when intra-arterial delivery is employed, such as improved cell engraftment and tissue repair.
This precision is particularly significant in treating conditions like chronic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, diabetes, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head, where localised treatment is critical for successful outcomes. The results of intra-arterial stem cell therapy in clinical settings are notable. In kidney disease, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)- derived extracellular vesicles have shown the ability to enhance renal function by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. Similarly, in liver disease, stem cell injections have reduced fibrosis and improved metabolic control. For neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, intra-arterial delivery has resulted in enhanced motor function and improved quality of life, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Despite its promise, this approach is not without challenges. Technical limitations, such as the effects of shear stress during catheter-based delivery, can compromise cell viability. Additionally, exposure to contrast agents and radiation during imaging may negatively impact stem cell integrity. Strategies like reducing infusion rates and minimising radiation are essential to mitigate these issues. Furthermore, the inherent risks associated with stem cell therapy— such as tumour formation in pluripotent stem cells and immune reactions in allogenic transplants—remain key concerns. Ethical considerations also arise, particularly with embryonic stem cells. However, advancements in cell engineering, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer solutions by providing patient-specific therapies with reduced ethical and immunological challenges.
Stem cell therapy facilitated by IR represents a cutting-edge approach to precision medicine. While limitations persist, continuous refinement of delivery methods and safety protocols will pave the way for broader clinical application, ultimately improving outcomes for complex diseases and advancing the field of regenerative medicine. This work would not have been possible without the invaluable guidance and support of my mentor Hossein Ghanaati, whose insights and expertise have been instrumental in shaping my understanding of this field.
Maedeh Rouzbahani is an medical doctor at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Disclosures: The author declared no relevant disclosures.
